Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren and Wind Power

Dulli Chandra Agrawal

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12

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Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren and Wind Power

Dulli Chandra Agrawal

Published in American Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 25 November 2016 Accepted: 19 December 2016 Published: 18 January 2017

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Abstract

The free convections of the fluids water and air over the globe lead to evaporation of water and generation of winds, respectively. Heinrich Hertz and M King Hubbert both assign 40000∙10¹²W solar power for evaporation of water and subsequent annual rainfall of around one meter over the globe. However, Hertz has mentioned two estimates 400∙10¹²W and 4000∙10¹²W in his handwritten lecture notes of 1885 for the wind power. This ambiguity is resolved in present paper showing wind power is of the order 400∙10¹²W on the basis of his statement that winds should be of the same order of magnitude as that involved in rainfall. This estimate for wind power also matches with the value 370∙10¹²W assigned by M King Hubbert. Craig F Bohren’s observation that heat transfer coefficient for water is 120 times larger than air is shown to be equal to the ratio of solar power going into evaporation and wind channels. Both Hertz’s and Hubbert’s estimates for evaporation and wind channels further show that solar power for evaporation is two order magnitudes more than solar power generating the winds.

Published in	American Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12
Page(s)	40-44
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Solar Power, Earth, Evaporation, Wind Power, Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren

References

[1]	Joseph L Mulligan and H. Gerhard Hertz,’ An unpublished lecture by Heinrich Hertz: “On the energy balance of the Earth”, Am J Phys 65, 36-45 (1997).
[2]	Daniel N Lapedes (Editor), Encyclopedia of Energy “Outlook for fuel reserves” contributed by M King Hubbert (McGraw Hill, New York, 1976) 11-23.
[3]	Ven Te Chow, David R Maidment and Larry W Mays, Applied Hydrology (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988) p. 5.
[4]	D C Agrawal, “Average annual rainfall over the globe” Phys Teach 51, 540-541 (December 2013).
[5]	Hertz apparently means by “from the top to down” (von oben her) that the Sun creates a stable arrangement of layers of different temperatures, which does not lead to turbulence.
[6]	Jeff M Gordon and Y Zarmi,“Wind energy as a solar driven heat engine: A thermodynamic approach”, Am. J. Phys. 57, 995-998 (November 1989).
[7]	M A Barranco-Jimenez and F Angulo-Brown, “A nonendoreversible model for wind energy as a solar driven heat engine”, J. Appl. Phys. 80 (9), 4872-4876 (1996).
[8]	Alexis De Vos, “Endoreversible Thermodynamics of Solar Energy Conversion”, (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1992) p. 21.
[9]	D Jacob, “The role of water vapour in the atmosphere. A short overview from a climatic modeller’s point of view”, Phys. Chem. Earth (A) 26, 523-527 (2001).
[10]	J Patterson, “The importance of water vapour in the atmosphere”, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Vol. 20, 201-208 (1926).
[11]	Craig F Bohren and Bruce A. Albrecht, Atmospheric Thermodynamics (Oxford University Press, New York 1998) p. 292.
[12]	Craig F Bohren, “Why do objects cool more rapidly in water than in still air?” Phys Teach 49, 550-553 (2011).
[13]	V Z Antonopoulos, S K Gianniou and A V Antonopoulos (2016): Artificial neural networks and empirical equations to estimate daily evaporation: application to Lake Vegoritis, Greece, Hydrological Sciences Journal, DOI: 10.1080/02626667.2016.1142667.
[14]	Brian Hurley, “How Much Wind Energy is there?”.
[15]	http://www.wse.ie/how-much-wind-energy-is-there/.
[16]	Kira Grogg, “Harvesting the Wind: The physics of wind turbines”.
[17]	http://apps.carleton.edu/campus/library/digitalcommons/assets/pacp_7.pdf.
[18]	http://mecometer.com/topic/electricity-installed-generating-capacity/.
[19]	M Z Jacobson and C L Archer, “Saturation wind power potential and its implications for wind energy”, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 109, 15679-15684 (2012).
[20]	M Z Jacobson, personal communication.

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Dulli Chandra Agrawal. (2017). Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren and Wind Power. American Journal of Energy Engineering, 4(4), 40-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12

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ACS Style

Dulli Chandra Agrawal. Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren and Wind Power. Am. J. Energy Eng. 2017, 4(4), 40-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12

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AMA Style

Dulli Chandra Agrawal. Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren and Wind Power. Am J Energy Eng. 2017;4(4):40-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12,
  author = {Dulli Chandra Agrawal},
  title = {Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren and Wind Power},
  journal = {American Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {40-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajee.20160404.12},
  abstract = {The free convections of the fluids water and air over the globe lead to evaporation of water and generation of winds, respectively. Heinrich Hertz and M King Hubbert both assign 40000∙1012W solar power for evaporation of water and subsequent annual rainfall of around one meter over the globe. However, Hertz has mentioned two estimates 400∙1012W and 4000∙1012W in his handwritten lecture notes of 1885 for the wind power. This ambiguity is resolved in present paper showing wind power is of the order 400∙1012W on the basis of his statement that winds should be of the same order of magnitude as that involved in rainfall. This estimate for wind power also matches with the value 370∙1012W assigned by M King Hubbert. Craig F Bohren’s observation that heat transfer coefficient for water is 120 times larger than air is shown to be equal to the ratio of solar power going into evaporation and wind channels. Both Hertz’s and Hubbert’s estimates for evaporation and wind channels further show that solar power for evaporation is two order magnitudes more than solar power generating the winds.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren and Wind Power
AU  - Dulli Chandra Agrawal
Y1  - 2017/01/18
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12
T2  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 40
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-163X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12
AB  - The free convections of the fluids water and air over the globe lead to evaporation of water and generation of winds, respectively. Heinrich Hertz and M King Hubbert both assign 40000∙1012W solar power for evaporation of water and subsequent annual rainfall of around one meter over the globe. However, Hertz has mentioned two estimates 400∙1012W and 4000∙1012W in his handwritten lecture notes of 1885 for the wind power. This ambiguity is resolved in present paper showing wind power is of the order 400∙1012W on the basis of his statement that winds should be of the same order of magnitude as that involved in rainfall. This estimate for wind power also matches with the value 370∙1012W assigned by M King Hubbert. Craig F Bohren’s observation that heat transfer coefficient for water is 120 times larger than air is shown to be equal to the ratio of solar power going into evaporation and wind channels. Both Hertz’s and Hubbert’s estimates for evaporation and wind channels further show that solar power for evaporation is two order magnitudes more than solar power generating the winds.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Dulli Chandra Agrawal

Department of Farm Engineering, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

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APA Style

Dulli Chandra Agrawal. (2017). Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren and Wind Power. American Journal of Energy Engineering, 4(4), 40-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12

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ACS Style

Dulli Chandra Agrawal. Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren and Wind Power. Am. J. Energy Eng. 2017, 4(4), 40-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12

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AMA Style

Dulli Chandra Agrawal. Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren and Wind Power. Am J Energy Eng. 2017;4(4):40-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12,
  author = {Dulli Chandra Agrawal},
  title = {Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren and Wind Power},
  journal = {American Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {40-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajee.20160404.12},
  abstract = {The free convections of the fluids water and air over the globe lead to evaporation of water and generation of winds, respectively. Heinrich Hertz and M King Hubbert both assign 40000∙1012W solar power for evaporation of water and subsequent annual rainfall of around one meter over the globe. However, Hertz has mentioned two estimates 400∙1012W and 4000∙1012W in his handwritten lecture notes of 1885 for the wind power. This ambiguity is resolved in present paper showing wind power is of the order 400∙1012W on the basis of his statement that winds should be of the same order of magnitude as that involved in rainfall. This estimate for wind power also matches with the value 370∙1012W assigned by M King Hubbert. Craig F Bohren’s observation that heat transfer coefficient for water is 120 times larger than air is shown to be equal to the ratio of solar power going into evaporation and wind channels. Both Hertz’s and Hubbert’s estimates for evaporation and wind channels further show that solar power for evaporation is two order magnitudes more than solar power generating the winds.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Heinrich Hertz, M King Hubbert, Craig Bohren and Wind Power
AU  - Dulli Chandra Agrawal
Y1  - 2017/01/18
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12
T2  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 40
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-163X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.20160404.12
AB  - The free convections of the fluids water and air over the globe lead to evaporation of water and generation of winds, respectively. Heinrich Hertz and M King Hubbert both assign 40000∙1012W solar power for evaporation of water and subsequent annual rainfall of around one meter over the globe. However, Hertz has mentioned two estimates 400∙1012W and 4000∙1012W in his handwritten lecture notes of 1885 for the wind power. This ambiguity is resolved in present paper showing wind power is of the order 400∙1012W on the basis of his statement that winds should be of the same order of magnitude as that involved in rainfall. This estimate for wind power also matches with the value 370∙1012W assigned by M King Hubbert. Craig F Bohren’s observation that heat transfer coefficient for water is 120 times larger than air is shown to be equal to the ratio of solar power going into evaporation and wind channels. Both Hertz’s and Hubbert’s estimates for evaporation and wind channels further show that solar power for evaporation is two order magnitudes more than solar power generating the winds.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download