Modern Technology Applications in the Restoration of an Ancient Mud Brick Houses in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

Yasser Sayed Ali; Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11

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Modern Technology Applications in the Restoration of an Ancient Mud Brick Houses in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

Yasser Sayed Ali, Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud

Published in International Journal of Archaeology (Volume 4, Issue 6)

Received: 13 September 2016 Accepted: 28 September 2016 Published: 25 October 2016

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Abstract

Earthen architecture and ancient Mud Brick Houses come in a vast variety of Dakhla Oasis archaeological sites date back to Pharaonic, Coptic and Islamic periods and characterized by the construction materials compatible with the dry desert climates. Due to changes in the precipitation pattern of rainfall in the last three years in Dakhla Oasis, so it has been improved physics, mechanical properties of mud brick to become the best in the waterproofing of rain water without a change in properties or color by using modern technology applications in the production of modern building materials. Tests included the study of density, porosity, water absorption, Shrinkage, hardness and compressive strength, and color changes. Mineralogical composition and granulometric distribution of five ancient mud brick samples measuring, (2.5×2.5×2.5) from Dakhla Oasis were studied by using the analytical way X-ray diffraction to determine the main components and characteristics. In addition, using scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDAX) to study the results of the sample examination Synthetically treated. This paper studies includes scientific methods in the restoration of the architectural elements of an ancient mud brick house in Dakhla oasis, by using of modern technology applications, This can be utilized as evidence in Waterproofing mud brick buildings in Egypt and the earthen architecture worldwide in accordance with the priorities identified in each building.

Published in	International Journal of Archaeology (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11
Page(s)	87-94
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dakhla Oasis, Mud Brick, Earthen Architecture, Silicon, Rainwater

References

[1]	Using Mud Bricks as a Temporary Solution for Gaza Reconstruction, Dr. Samar Sheweka, Lecturer, Architecture Department, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt. Energy Procedia, Volume 6, 2011, p.237. Available on line at www.sciencedirect.com
[2]	Ancient Egyptian Mud Brick Construction: Materials, Technology, and Implications for Modern Man Xavier Capaldi, Egypt Unit, Research Paper–Draft 2, 01 April 2011. https://dataplasmid.wordpress.com/2011/04/08/ancient-egyptian-mud-brick-construction-materials-technology-and-implications-for-modern-man/
[3]	Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud, the most famous religious and funerary monuments in the oases of Dakhla and Kharga, unpublished Master Thesis, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Tanta University, 2014, p. 219.
[4]	Dakhla oasis: the dakhla oasis egypt's western desert. http://www.minamar.com/oasis-egypt-aps.html
[5]	Traditional architecture in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt: space, form and building systems Francesca De Filippi, Dipartimento Casa- città, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy. PLEA 2006 -The 23rd Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 – 8 September 2006 www. unige.ch /cuepe / html /.../ PLEA 2006_ PAPER 881. pd.
[6]	Feilden, Bernard (1982): "Conservation of Historic Buildings", Butter worth and Co. Ltd., England. P. 34.
[7]	ICOMOS, (1966): "International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites", Article 12.
[8]	International charter for the conservation and restoration of monuments and sites ( The Venice charter 1964 ) 49 -51, rue de la federation 75015 PARIS, France, IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, Venice, 1964 Adopted by ICOMOS in 1965. p. 3.
[9]	Meteorological in Dakhla oasis, Monday 9 Jumada1435 H March 10th 2014, number 180.
[10]	Mansour bin Abdul Aziz, mud architecture in the Arab and Western the country's construction methods of the prevailing themes of the proposed development, the Department of Architecture and Building Sciences, College of Architecture and Planning, King Saud University, Riyadh, p 136.
[11]	Report on research and restoration activities, Qasr Dakhleh project, Groningen, 2 May 2009, Fred Leemhuis, field director QDP, P15. QDP Report 2009 – monash Arts [PDF] arts online. monash.edu.au/ancient.../qdp-report-2009.pd...
[12]	Mahmoud Abdel Hafez. Ph. D, A comparative analysis in damage, treatment and maintenance of the ancient buildings, multi building materials, Department of restoration, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, 2012, p. 354.
[13]	Warren, J.; Conservation of earth structures, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1999, P. 135.
[14]	The pride of Dakhla Oasis, The village of Al-Qasr in the Dakhla Oasisis back on Egypt’s tourist track, writes Nevine El-Aref, Al- AHram weekly, monday, 26 September, 2016, Issue No. 1305, 28 July, 27 – 07 - 201604:47PMET. (Fig. 5, 6) http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/16931 / 47 / The - pride - of – Dakhla - Oasis. aspx
[15]	Report on research and restoration activities, Qasr Dakhla project: New roof covering, Groningen, 2 April 2014, Fred Leemhuis, field director QDP, P.3. fig5. QDP report 2014-Monash Arts [PDF] https:// www. google.com. eg/#q= +QDP + report+2014+-+Monash+Arts+%5Bpdf%5D

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Yasser Sayed Ali, Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud. (2016). Modern Technology Applications in the Restoration of an Ancient Mud Brick Houses in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt. International Journal of Archaeology, 4(6), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11

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Yasser Sayed Ali; Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud. Modern Technology Applications in the Restoration of an Ancient Mud Brick Houses in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt. Int. J. Archaeol. 2016, 4(6), 87-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11

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Yasser Sayed Ali, Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud. Modern Technology Applications in the Restoration of an Ancient Mud Brick Houses in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt. Int J Archaeol. 2016;4(6):87-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11,
  author = {Yasser Sayed Ali and Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud},
  title = {Modern Technology Applications in the Restoration of an Ancient Mud Brick Houses in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt},
  journal = {International Journal of Archaeology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {87-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ija.20160406.11},
  abstract = {Earthen architecture and ancient Mud Brick Houses come in a vast variety of Dakhla Oasis archaeological sites date back to Pharaonic, Coptic and Islamic periods and characterized by the construction materials compatible with the dry desert climates. Due to changes in the precipitation pattern of rainfall in the last three years in Dakhla Oasis, so it has been improved physics, mechanical properties of mud brick to become the best in the waterproofing of rain water without a change in properties or color by using modern technology applications in the production of modern building materials. Tests included the study of density, porosity, water absorption, Shrinkage, hardness and compressive strength, and color changes. Mineralogical composition and granulometric distribution of five ancient mud brick samples measuring, (2.5×2.5×2.5) from Dakhla Oasis were studied by using the analytical way X-ray diffraction to determine the main components and characteristics. In addition, using scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDAX) to study the results of the sample examination Synthetically treated. This paper studies includes scientific methods in the restoration of the architectural elements of an ancient mud brick house in Dakhla oasis, by using of modern technology applications, This can be utilized as evidence in Waterproofing mud brick buildings in Egypt and the earthen architecture worldwide in accordance with the priorities identified in each building.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modern Technology Applications in the Restoration of an Ancient Mud Brick Houses in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt
AU  - Yasser Sayed Ali
AU  - Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud
Y1  - 2016/10/25
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11
T2  - International Journal of Archaeology
JF  - International Journal of Archaeology
JO  - International Journal of Archaeology
SP  - 87
EP  - 94
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7595
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11
AB  - Earthen architecture and ancient Mud Brick Houses come in a vast variety of Dakhla Oasis archaeological sites date back to Pharaonic, Coptic and Islamic periods and characterized by the construction materials compatible with the dry desert climates. Due to changes in the precipitation pattern of rainfall in the last three years in Dakhla Oasis, so it has been improved physics, mechanical properties of mud brick to become the best in the waterproofing of rain water without a change in properties or color by using modern technology applications in the production of modern building materials. Tests included the study of density, porosity, water absorption, Shrinkage, hardness and compressive strength, and color changes. Mineralogical composition and granulometric distribution of five ancient mud brick samples measuring, (2.5×2.5×2.5) from Dakhla Oasis were studied by using the analytical way X-ray diffraction to determine the main components and characteristics. In addition, using scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDAX) to study the results of the sample examination Synthetically treated. This paper studies includes scientific methods in the restoration of the architectural elements of an ancient mud brick house in Dakhla oasis, by using of modern technology applications, This can be utilized as evidence in Waterproofing mud brick buildings in Egypt and the earthen architecture worldwide in accordance with the priorities identified in each building.
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Yasser Sayed Ali

Head Restoration for Islamic and Coptic Antiquities, Ministry of Antiquities, Dakhla Oasis, Egypt
Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud

Islamic and Coptic Antiquities, Ministry of Antiquities, Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Yasser Sayed Ali, Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud. (2016). Modern Technology Applications in the Restoration of an Ancient Mud Brick Houses in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt. International Journal of Archaeology, 4(6), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11

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ACS Style

Yasser Sayed Ali; Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud. Modern Technology Applications in the Restoration of an Ancient Mud Brick Houses in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt. Int. J. Archaeol. 2016, 4(6), 87-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11

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AMA Style

Yasser Sayed Ali, Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud. Modern Technology Applications in the Restoration of an Ancient Mud Brick Houses in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt. Int J Archaeol. 2016;4(6):87-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11,
  author = {Yasser Sayed Ali and Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud},
  title = {Modern Technology Applications in the Restoration of an Ancient Mud Brick Houses in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt},
  journal = {International Journal of Archaeology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {87-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ija.20160406.11},
  abstract = {Earthen architecture and ancient Mud Brick Houses come in a vast variety of Dakhla Oasis archaeological sites date back to Pharaonic, Coptic and Islamic periods and characterized by the construction materials compatible with the dry desert climates. Due to changes in the precipitation pattern of rainfall in the last three years in Dakhla Oasis, so it has been improved physics, mechanical properties of mud brick to become the best in the waterproofing of rain water without a change in properties or color by using modern technology applications in the production of modern building materials. Tests included the study of density, porosity, water absorption, Shrinkage, hardness and compressive strength, and color changes. Mineralogical composition and granulometric distribution of five ancient mud brick samples measuring, (2.5×2.5×2.5) from Dakhla Oasis were studied by using the analytical way X-ray diffraction to determine the main components and characteristics. In addition, using scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDAX) to study the results of the sample examination Synthetically treated. This paper studies includes scientific methods in the restoration of the architectural elements of an ancient mud brick house in Dakhla oasis, by using of modern technology applications, This can be utilized as evidence in Waterproofing mud brick buildings in Egypt and the earthen architecture worldwide in accordance with the priorities identified in each building.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modern Technology Applications in the Restoration of an Ancient Mud Brick Houses in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt
AU  - Yasser Sayed Ali
AU  - Mahmoud Mohamed Massoud
Y1  - 2016/10/25
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11
T2  - International Journal of Archaeology
JF  - International Journal of Archaeology
JO  - International Journal of Archaeology
SP  - 87
EP  - 94
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7595
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20160406.11
AB  - Earthen architecture and ancient Mud Brick Houses come in a vast variety of Dakhla Oasis archaeological sites date back to Pharaonic, Coptic and Islamic periods and characterized by the construction materials compatible with the dry desert climates. Due to changes in the precipitation pattern of rainfall in the last three years in Dakhla Oasis, so it has been improved physics, mechanical properties of mud brick to become the best in the waterproofing of rain water without a change in properties or color by using modern technology applications in the production of modern building materials. Tests included the study of density, porosity, water absorption, Shrinkage, hardness and compressive strength, and color changes. Mineralogical composition and granulometric distribution of five ancient mud brick samples measuring, (2.5×2.5×2.5) from Dakhla Oasis were studied by using the analytical way X-ray diffraction to determine the main components and characteristics. In addition, using scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDAX) to study the results of the sample examination Synthetically treated. This paper studies includes scientific methods in the restoration of the architectural elements of an ancient mud brick house in Dakhla oasis, by using of modern technology applications, This can be utilized as evidence in Waterproofing mud brick buildings in Egypt and the earthen architecture worldwide in accordance with the priorities identified in each building.
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
ER  -

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