Evaluation on the Chloride Ion Penetration into Concrete Added Different Types of Admixture Using Industrial Byproducts

Nam Wook Kim

doi:doi:10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12

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Evaluation on the Chloride Ion Penetration into Concrete Added Different Types of Admixture Using Industrial Byproducts

Nam Wook Kim

Published in Engineering and Applied Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5)

Received: 21 August 2022 Accepted: 13 September 2022 Published: 28 September 2022

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Abstract

In recent years, chloride ion stagnation has been reported in concrete with high chloride ion penetration resistance, even if the material age increases, the depth of chloride ion penetration does not change. It has been confirmed that most of the collected cores are not only at the chloride ion stop position, but also at the surface layer, and that this long-term chloride ion stagnation phenomenon has not been reported, which is a very valuable case. In order to properly predict chloride ion penetration, it is necessary to grasp and consider the above stagnation phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discuss the presumption of chloride ion penetration considering the stagnation of chloride ion penetration. In this study, the presumption of chloride ion penetration was studied considering chloride ion stagnation. The findings obtained in this study are shown below. In the case of low water bonding material ratio, chloride ion penetration is likely to stagnate in all test specimens of ordinary concrete, fly ash concrete and blast furnace slag concrete studied in this study. Based on the liquid water infiltration position determined by visual observation, a chloride ion infiltration presumption model was prepared for each cement species considering the effect of advection. In dense concrete structures with stagnant chloride ion penetration, it is confirmed that Fick's diffusion equation currently prescribed in the presentation. For blast furnace slag concrete with many coarse gaps and no chloride ion penetration stagnation, it is shown that it can be handled by using the chloride ion penetration estimation model of ordinary concrete.

Published in	Engineering and Applied Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12
Page(s)	63-70
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chloride Ion Penetration, Admixtures, Industrial Byproduct, Fick’s Diffusion Law, Durability

References

[1]	American Concrete Institute (2011), “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary”, ACI 318-11.
[2]	Bentz, E. C., (2003), “Probabilistic Modeling of Service Life for Structures subjected to Chloride”, ACI Materials Journal, 72 (5), 391-397.
[3]	Ishida, T et al., (2018), “Numerical Simulation of Early age Cracking of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks with a Full-3D Multiscale and Multi chemo-physical Integrated analysis” Applied Science, 8 (394), 56-63.
[4]	Kinomura, K et al., (2019), “Extensive Modeling of Peculiar Hydration in Fine Micro-Pore Structures Applicable to Integrated Thermodynamic Analysis for Portland Cement”, Applied Science, 9 (2137), 86-94.
[5]	Na, U. J et al., (2012), “Stochastic Model for Service Life Prediction of RC Structures Exposed to Carbonation using Random Field Simulation”, Journal of KSCE, 16 (1), 133-143.
[6]	Suryanto, B et al., (2012), “An Investigation into the Long-term Excessive Deflection PC Viaducts by using 3D Multi-scale Integrated Analysis”, Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 10 (2), 47-58.
[7]	Stewart, M. G et al., (2007), “Spatial time-depentent Relaibility Analysis of Corrosion Damage and the Timing of First Repair of RC Structures”, Engineering Structures, 38 (5), 1457-1464.
[8]	Tang, L., (2008), “Engineering Expression of the Clinconc Model for Prediction of Free and Total Chloride Ingess in Submerged Marine Concrete”, Cement and Concrete Research, 38 (4), 1092-1097.
[9]	Thomas, M., (1996), “Chloride Thresholds in Marine Concrete”, Cement and Concrete Research, 24 (4), 513-519.
[10]	Arya, C et al., (1990), “An Assessment of Four Methods of Determining the Free Chloride Contents of Concrete”, Materials Structures, 23 (2), 319-330.
[11]	Islam, MD. S et al., (2008), “Simulation of Chloride ion Profile into Repaired Crack Concrete”, Journal of Civil Engineering, 36 (1), 23-42.
[12]	Abdullah, AL. M., (2017), “Experimental Investigation of Chloride Ion Penetration and Reinforcement Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Member”, 7 (1), 26-29.
[13]	Berke, N. S et al., (1994), “Predicting Chloride Profiles in Concrete”, Corrosive Engineering, 1 (2), 234-239.
[14]	Saraswathy, V et al., (2007), “Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of Portland Pozzolana Cement and Fly ash blended Cements in Pre-cracked Reinforced Concrete Slabs under Accelerated Testing Conditions”, Materials Chemistry Physics, 104 (2-3), 356-361.
[15]	NT Build 492. “Chloride Migration Coefficient from Non-Steady State Migration Experiments”.
[16]	ASTM C 1202, “Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration”.
[17]	Song, H. W et al., (2006), “Analysis of Corrosion Resistance of Inhibitors in Concrete using Electrochemical Studies”, Met and Mat Int., 12 (4), 232-329.
[18]	Ann, K. Y et al., (2007), “Chloride Threshold Level for Corrosion of Steel in Concrete”, Corrosive Science, 49 (3), 4113-4123.

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APA Style

Nam Wook Kim. (2022). Evaluation on the Chloride Ion Penetration into Concrete Added Different Types of Admixture Using Industrial Byproducts. Engineering and Applied Sciences, 7(5), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12

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Nam Wook Kim. Evaluation on the Chloride Ion Penetration into Concrete Added Different Types of Admixture Using Industrial Byproducts. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2022, 7(5), 63-70. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12

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AMA Style

Nam Wook Kim. Evaluation on the Chloride Ion Penetration into Concrete Added Different Types of Admixture Using Industrial Byproducts. Eng Appl Sci. 2022;7(5):63-70. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12

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@article{10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12,
  author = {Nam Wook Kim},
  title = {Evaluation on the Chloride Ion Penetration into Concrete Added Different Types of Admixture Using Industrial Byproducts},
  journal = {Engineering and Applied Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {5},
  pages = {63-70},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eas.20220705.12},
  abstract = {In recent years, chloride ion stagnation has been reported in concrete with high chloride ion penetration resistance, even if the material age increases, the depth of chloride ion penetration does not change. It has been confirmed that most of the collected cores are not only at the chloride ion stop position, but also at the surface layer, and that this long-term chloride ion stagnation phenomenon has not been reported, which is a very valuable case. In order to properly predict chloride ion penetration, it is necessary to grasp and consider the above stagnation phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discuss the presumption of chloride ion penetration considering the stagnation of chloride ion penetration. In this study, the presumption of chloride ion penetration was studied considering chloride ion stagnation. The findings obtained in this study are shown below. In the case of low water bonding material ratio, chloride ion penetration is likely to stagnate in all test specimens of ordinary concrete, fly ash concrete and blast furnace slag concrete studied in this study. Based on the liquid water infiltration position determined by visual observation, a chloride ion infiltration presumption model was prepared for each cement species considering the effect of advection. In dense concrete structures with stagnant chloride ion penetration, it is confirmed that Fick's diffusion equation currently prescribed in the presentation. For blast furnace slag concrete with many coarse gaps and no chloride ion penetration stagnation, it is shown that it can be handled by using the chloride ion penetration estimation model of ordinary concrete.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation on the Chloride Ion Penetration into Concrete Added Different Types of Admixture Using Industrial Byproducts
AU  - Nam Wook Kim
Y1  - 2022/09/28
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12
T2  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
JF  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
JO  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
SP  - 63
EP  - 70
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1468
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12
AB  - In recent years, chloride ion stagnation has been reported in concrete with high chloride ion penetration resistance, even if the material age increases, the depth of chloride ion penetration does not change. It has been confirmed that most of the collected cores are not only at the chloride ion stop position, but also at the surface layer, and that this long-term chloride ion stagnation phenomenon has not been reported, which is a very valuable case. In order to properly predict chloride ion penetration, it is necessary to grasp and consider the above stagnation phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discuss the presumption of chloride ion penetration considering the stagnation of chloride ion penetration. In this study, the presumption of chloride ion penetration was studied considering chloride ion stagnation. The findings obtained in this study are shown below. In the case of low water bonding material ratio, chloride ion penetration is likely to stagnate in all test specimens of ordinary concrete, fly ash concrete and blast furnace slag concrete studied in this study. Based on the liquid water infiltration position determined by visual observation, a chloride ion infiltration presumption model was prepared for each cement species considering the effect of advection. In dense concrete structures with stagnant chloride ion penetration, it is confirmed that Fick's diffusion equation currently prescribed in the presentation. For blast furnace slag concrete with many coarse gaps and no chloride ion penetration stagnation, it is shown that it can be handled by using the chloride ion penetration estimation model of ordinary concrete.
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Nam Wook Kim

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Honam University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

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APA Style

Nam Wook Kim. (2022). Evaluation on the Chloride Ion Penetration into Concrete Added Different Types of Admixture Using Industrial Byproducts. Engineering and Applied Sciences, 7(5), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12

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ACS Style

Nam Wook Kim. Evaluation on the Chloride Ion Penetration into Concrete Added Different Types of Admixture Using Industrial Byproducts. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2022, 7(5), 63-70. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Nam Wook Kim. Evaluation on the Chloride Ion Penetration into Concrete Added Different Types of Admixture Using Industrial Byproducts. Eng Appl Sci. 2022;7(5):63-70. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12,
  author = {Nam Wook Kim},
  title = {Evaluation on the Chloride Ion Penetration into Concrete Added Different Types of Admixture Using Industrial Byproducts},
  journal = {Engineering and Applied Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {5},
  pages = {63-70},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eas.20220705.12},
  abstract = {In recent years, chloride ion stagnation has been reported in concrete with high chloride ion penetration resistance, even if the material age increases, the depth of chloride ion penetration does not change. It has been confirmed that most of the collected cores are not only at the chloride ion stop position, but also at the surface layer, and that this long-term chloride ion stagnation phenomenon has not been reported, which is a very valuable case. In order to properly predict chloride ion penetration, it is necessary to grasp and consider the above stagnation phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discuss the presumption of chloride ion penetration considering the stagnation of chloride ion penetration. In this study, the presumption of chloride ion penetration was studied considering chloride ion stagnation. The findings obtained in this study are shown below. In the case of low water bonding material ratio, chloride ion penetration is likely to stagnate in all test specimens of ordinary concrete, fly ash concrete and blast furnace slag concrete studied in this study. Based on the liquid water infiltration position determined by visual observation, a chloride ion infiltration presumption model was prepared for each cement species considering the effect of advection. In dense concrete structures with stagnant chloride ion penetration, it is confirmed that Fick's diffusion equation currently prescribed in the presentation. For blast furnace slag concrete with many coarse gaps and no chloride ion penetration stagnation, it is shown that it can be handled by using the chloride ion penetration estimation model of ordinary concrete.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation on the Chloride Ion Penetration into Concrete Added Different Types of Admixture Using Industrial Byproducts
AU  - Nam Wook Kim
Y1  - 2022/09/28
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12
T2  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
JF  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
JO  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
SP  - 63
EP  - 70
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1468
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20220705.12
AB  - In recent years, chloride ion stagnation has been reported in concrete with high chloride ion penetration resistance, even if the material age increases, the depth of chloride ion penetration does not change. It has been confirmed that most of the collected cores are not only at the chloride ion stop position, but also at the surface layer, and that this long-term chloride ion stagnation phenomenon has not been reported, which is a very valuable case. In order to properly predict chloride ion penetration, it is necessary to grasp and consider the above stagnation phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discuss the presumption of chloride ion penetration considering the stagnation of chloride ion penetration. In this study, the presumption of chloride ion penetration was studied considering chloride ion stagnation. The findings obtained in this study are shown below. In the case of low water bonding material ratio, chloride ion penetration is likely to stagnate in all test specimens of ordinary concrete, fly ash concrete and blast furnace slag concrete studied in this study. Based on the liquid water infiltration position determined by visual observation, a chloride ion infiltration presumption model was prepared for each cement species considering the effect of advection. In dense concrete structures with stagnant chloride ion penetration, it is confirmed that Fick's diffusion equation currently prescribed in the presentation. For blast furnace slag concrete with many coarse gaps and no chloride ion penetration stagnation, it is shown that it can be handled by using the chloride ion penetration estimation model of ordinary concrete.
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
ER  -

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