Study of Load Concentration and Damage Evaluation Using an Optical Experimental Method
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, October 2016
Pages:
49-53
Received:
20 July 2016
Accepted:
29 July 2016
Published:
15 August 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.eas.20160103.11
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Abstract: This article studied the stress concentration in homogenous material using an optical method of caustics. The study on stress concentration is of great research value to evaluate the damage inside materials. In this work, one optical experimental method, caustics method, is introduced to study the mechanical behavior of an elastic plate of transparent material. The governing equations of caustics method which is used to represent the optics-mechanics relation of the singular yield close to the external load are derived based on the exponential asymptotic expansion. The experimental result shows this optical method as a nondestructive methodology can be used to detect the damage in load zone with high accuracy.
Abstract: This article studied the stress concentration in homogenous material using an optical method of caustics. The study on stress concentration is of great research value to evaluate the damage inside materials. In this work, one optical experimental method, caustics method, is introduced to study the mechanical behavior of an elastic plate of transpar...
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Effect of Machine Pricked Aonla (Phyllanthusemblica G.) on Preparation and Storage of Candy
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, October 2016
Pages:
54-58
Received:
11 July 2016
Accepted:
20 July 2016
Published:
5 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.eas.20160103.12
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Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of machine pricked aonla and changes in chemical composition of aonla candy during storage when packed in sealed polyethylene bags (200 guage) up to 180 days at ambient (25°C) and refrigerated temperature (7°C). The respective values of moisture content, TSS, acidity, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars and ascorbic acid of fresh aonla fruit were found as 84.28% (wb), 10.74 °B, 1.75%, 4.16%, 7.93%, 12.1% and 700.0 (mg/100g). The TSS of aonla fruit with double pass is comparatively higher than single pass. The mean values of TSS for single and double pass were found to be 44.92 °B and 48.25 °B respectively. The percent moisture loss in aonla fruit with double pass is comparatively higher than single pass. The mean values of moisture content for single and double pass were found to be 34.43 and 42.38% (db), respectively. The moisture content was found to be decreasing from 18.02 to 17.17% (db) during storage under ambient condition and 19.46 to 18.42% (db) during storage under refrigerated condition. The TSS of aonla fruits was found to increasing from 79.33 to 83.00 °B during storage under ambient condition and 78.33 to 81.67 °B during storage under refrigerated condition. The values of ascorbic acid and acidity were found to be decreasing with advancement of storage period. The values of ascorbic acid and acidity under ambient and refrigerated conditions were reported as 168.67 to 146.67 (mg/100g), 171.67 to 148.67 (mg/100g) and 0.80 to 0.61% and 0.80 to 0.63% respectively. The reducing sugars and total sugars of candies were found to significantly increase with an increase in storage period. The reducing sugars and total sugars were found to be increasing from 36.90 to 43.33% and 65.47 to 68.97% during storage under ambient condition and 36.60 to 42.60%and 64.77 to 67.93% during storage under refrigerated condition. The non reducing sugars of aonla fruits was found to decreased from 28.57 to 25.63% during storage under ambient condition and 28.17 to 25.33% during storage under refrigerated condition. It was noted that the power operated aonla pricking machine could used to prick the aonla for making candy. The cost of preparation of whole pricked aonla candy was worked out to be Rs. 91.20/kg.
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of machine pricked aonla and changes in chemical composition of aonla candy during storage when packed in sealed polyethylene bags (200 guage) up to 180 days at ambient (25°C) and refrigerated temperature (7°C). The respective values of moisture content, TSS, acidity, reducing sugars, no...
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Hypersonic Electrodynamic Railguns with Pulse-Dynamic Biasing System
Volodymyr Chumakov,
Oleksandr Stolarchuk
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, October 2016
Pages:
59-65
Received:
22 July 2016
Accepted:
8 August 2016
Published:
8 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.eas.20160103.13
Downloads:
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Abstract: In this paper the simulation results of hypersonic accelerator with pulse dynamic biasing system (PDBS) which provide external magnetic field compensation are given. The nearest analog of PDBS shown is Halbach-Array. Using magnetic compensation provides is shown to increase the magnetic field in inter-rail gap of the railgun up to 270% and to increase traction force up to 310%. Besides the magnetic compensation is shown leads to the supressing of magnetic field in outside of railgun system and facilitate EMC problem, at the same time weakening of repulsive force between rails provides the increasing of vitality of the system.
Abstract: In this paper the simulation results of hypersonic accelerator with pulse dynamic biasing system (PDBS) which provide external magnetic field compensation are given. The nearest analog of PDBS shown is Halbach-Array. Using magnetic compensation provides is shown to increase the magnetic field in inter-rail gap of the railgun up to 270% and to incre...
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